Effects of light environments within Cinnamomum camphora canopy on leaf functional traits and photosynthetic characteristics.

To explore the adaptive mechanism of leaf photosynthetic capacity in different light environments within Cinnamomum camphora canopy and enhance carbon sequestration, we investigated morphological structures, nutritional and physiological traits and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves in different orientations of C. camphora canopy, southern side in the outer layer (100% full light), southern side in the inner layer (34% full light) and northern side (21% full light). We analyzed the main limitation resulting in down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity in low light environments. Results showed that specific leaf weight, the thickness of lower and upper epidermal cuticle, lower epidermis, palisade tissue as well as cell number and width of palisade tissue, the thickness ratio of palisade to spongy tissue, cell structure closely degree significantly decreased with decreasing light intensity within canopy, opposite to the responses of spongy tissue thickness, cell length-width ratio of palisade tissue, and cell structure loose degree. The contents of leaf carbon, soluble protein, soluble sugar and starch were significantly lower in two low light environments compared with full light, whereas nitrogen content was markedly higher in north side. Low light prominently reduced gas exchange parameters, i.e., net photosynthetic rate (Pn), dark respiration rate, stomatal conductance to CO2(gsc), mesophyll conductance to CO2(gm), total conductance to CO2(gtot), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), CO2 concentration at the chloroplast (Cc). Pn was positively correlated with gsc, gm, gtot and Cc. There were no differences in maximum quantum photochemical efficiency, actual quantum photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching coefficient, maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vc max) and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) among light environments. Vc max and Jmax were positively correlated to Pn. Of the shading-induced limitations to photosynthesis, gm limitation was the most important, and gsc limitation was enhanced with further weakened light intensity while biochemical limitation was rather limited. In summary, the results suggested that full light could improve leaf photosynthetic potential in C. camphora canopy leaves, reduce the effects of gm and gsc limitation on photosynthesis, and consequently enhance carbon assimilation capacity.

Rational synthesis of carbon dots with phosphate ester group for direct mapping of endogenous alkaline phosphatase and polarity monitoring in living cells.

Carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively employed in biomolecule imaging. However, the imaging of biological enzymes with CDs has not been reported, which greatly limits their application in biological imaging. Herein, for the first time, a new type of fluorescent CDs is elaborately designed to realize the direct mapping of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in cells. The obtained phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped CDs (P, N-CDs) generate specific structures including xanthene oxide and phosphate ester, thereby enabling P, N-CDs to be exclusively cleaved by ALP without auxiliary media. The fluorescence intensity of P, N-CDs can be specifically turned on in the presence of ALP, making them powerful probes for sensitive sensing of ALP activity with a detection limit of 1.27 U·L-1. Meanwhile, P, N-CDs possessing electron deficiency structure fulfill sensitive responding to polarity variations. The excellent photo-bleaching resistance and biocompatibility of the P, N-CDs are taken for directly mapping the intracellular endogenous ALP via turned-on fluorescence imaging, as well as real-time monitoring the polarity fluctuation in cells through ratiometric fluorescence imaging. The present work offers a new way to design and synthesize functional CDs for direct imaging of intracellular enzymes.

Long-term outcomes of intravascular ultrasound-guided drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with chronic kidney disease: ULTIMATE CKD subgroup analysis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the long-term effect of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Methods: Data used in this study derived from ULTIMATE trial, which was a prospective, multicenter, randomized study. From August 2014 to May 2017, 1 448 patients with coronary heart disease undergoing DES implantation were selected from 8 domestic centers and randomly divided into two groups in the ratio of 1∶1 (IVUS or coronary angiography guided stent implantation). A total of 1 443 patients with the baseline serum creatine available were enrolled. The patients were divided into CKD group and non CKD group. CKD was defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derived from Cockcroft Gault (CG) formula< 60 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2 for at least 3 months. Primary endpoint of this study was target vessel failure (TVF) at 3 years, including cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically-driven target vessel revascularization. Kaplan Meier method was used for survival analysis, and log rank test was used to compare the occurrence of end-point events in each group. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate HR and 95%CI, and interaction was tested. Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of TVF. Results: A total of 1 443 patients with coronary heart disease were enrolled in this study, including 349 (24.2%) patients in CKD group and 1 094 patients in non CKD group. In CKD group, IVUS was used to guide stent implantation in 180 cases and angiography was used in 169 cases; in non CKD group, IVUS was used to guide stent implantation in 543 cases and angiography was used in 551 cases. Three-year clinical follow-up was available in 1 418 patients (98.3%). The incidence of TVF in CKD group was 12.0% (42/349), which was higher than that in non CKD group (7.4% (81/1 094) (P = 0.01). The difference was mainly due to the higher cardiac mortality in CKD group (4.6% (16/349) vs. 1.5% (16/1094), P<0.001). In CKD group, the incidence of TVF in patients who underwent IVUS guided stent implantation was lower than that in angiography guided stent implantation (8.3% (15/180) vs. 16.0% (27/169), P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in the incidence of TVF between IVUS guided stent implantation and angiography guided stent implantation in non CKD group (5.9% (32/543) vs. 8.9% (49/551), P = 0.06), and there was no interaction (P = 0.47). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that IVUS guidance (HR = 0.56, 95%CI 0.39-0.81, P = 0.002), CKD (HR = 1.83, 95%CI 1.17-2.87, P = 0.010) and stent length (every 10 mm increase) (HR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.04-1.19, P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for TVF within 3 years after DES implantation. Conclusions: CKD patients undergoing DES implantation are associated with a higher risk of 3-year TVF. More importantly, the risk of TVF could be significantly decreased through IVUS guidance in comparison with angiography guidance in patients with CKD.

Recurrent or refractory childhood B cell lymphoblastic lymphoma:A case report and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics,the diagnostic framework,and the treatment methods of B cell lymphoblastic lymphoma(B-LBL),and to clarify the progress of diagnosis and treatment of B-LBL to improve the clinician's understanding of the disease and provide the guidance for prognostic evaluation and therapeutic options.Methods:The clinical data including symptoms,physical signs,ancillary testings,diagnosis, treatment and disease prognosis of a child suffered from B-LBL were retrospectively analyzed;in the meantime,the relative literatures were reviewed.Results:The patient was definitly diagnosed as B-LBL according to the clinical characteristics and received combination therapy with vincristine,daunorubicin,L-asparaginase,and prednisone as the first course,along with the intrathecal injection of methotrexate and dexamethasone to prevent central nervous system leukemia(CNS-L).The patient achieved complete remission(CR)25 d after the first circle chemotherapy but was diagnosed as degree 4 myelosuppression.Therefore,the second cycle combination therapy was adjusted with cyclophosphamide,cytarabine and 6-MP,and the intrathecal injection to prevent CNS concomitantly.DegreeⅣ myelosuppression appeared repeatedly after 2 cycles and the combination chemotherapy was reajdusted. So mercaptopurine and high dose of methotrexate were given as the 4th cycle,and CNS was prevented continously. The patient kept CR until the second cycle finished but get recurrence after the third chemotherapy(prolymphocytes 10%).Then remission and recurrence were found in the disease counrse during which mary chemotherapy methods were attempted until the patient got stable CR after treatment for 31 months.Then the patient was treated with oral mercaptopurine(50 g·d-1)and methotrexate(25 mg per week)and kept disease-free survival for more than 3 years.Conclusion:B-LBL is a rapidly developed disease with the bone marrow involvement occurring in the short term and easy to relapse during treatment.However,it is extremely easy to transform to recurrent and refractory B-LBL after the first remission.It is of great importance to estimate the risk stratification and to evaluate the prognosis of LBL patients in order to treat as soon as possible for the improvement of one's life quality and the prolongation of survival.

Osteogenesis of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/chitosan nano microspheres combined with coralline hydroxyapatite in repair of large segmental bone defects / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the osteogenic ability of dextran sulfate/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/chitosan (DS/rhBMP2/CS) nano microspheres combined with coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) in repair of segmental bone defects.Methods DS/rhBMP2/CS microspheres prepared by ionic crosslinking method were adsorbed into CHA by lyophilization.Seventy-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 equal groups after they had been made into models of bone defect at the right radius.The defects in the 3 groups were implanted respectively with CHA,rhBMP2/CHA and DS/rhBMP2/ CS/CHA.Another 18 animals served as a blank control group.Blood and bone samples were obtained at 4,8 and 12 weeks after implantation.The serum BGP was detected,and the bone grafts were scanned by micro-CT for calculation of volume ratio of the new bone.Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed after bone decalcification.Results All the 72 animals recovered well without any infection or graft exposure.Gross observation at postoperative 12 weeks showed that the DS/rhBMP2/CS/CHA group was the best in the quality,quantity and strength of the new bone,as well as in the healing of bone defects.The serum levels of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic-acid-containing protein at all time points in the DS/rhBMP2/CS/CHA group were significantly higher than those in the CHA and rhBMP2/CHA groups (P ＜ 0.05).Micro-CT scanning demonstrated obvious progress in bone formation,cortical bone and marrow cavity at all time points in the DS/rhBMP2/CS/CHA group which showed significantly faster bone reconstruction synchronized with material degradation and significantly higher volume ratio of the new bone than the other 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Histological examinations showed better morphology of mature cortical bone and new marrow cavity at all time points in the DS/rhBMP2/CS/CHA group than in the other 2 groups.Conclusion Since DS/rhBMP2/CS/CHA possesses a better mechanism of sustained-releasing rhBMP2 to induce bone formation because of its reticular and hole-hole-connected structure,it may perform better in repairing segmental bone defects than simple CHA or rhBMP2/CHA.

[Comparison of light response models of photosynthesis in Nelumbo nucifera leaves under different light conditions].

The light responses of Nelumbo nucifera 'Boli Furen', a local N. nucifera species was investigated under full light and 50% shading conditions in Shanghai. The net photosynthetic rate-light response curves of N. nucifera leaves were fitted and analyzed through four light response models to identify the best-fit models of different light conditions and explore the adaptability of N. nucifera to shading environment. The results showed that the sequence of fitting effect of the four light response models was in descending order of modified rectangular hyperbola model > exponential model > non-rectangular hyperbola model > rectangular hyperbola model. The latter three models had no extreme values, and could not directly and accurately provide values of light saturation point (LSP) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn max). In contrast, the modified rectangular hyperbola model showed the best fit for LSP, Pn max, dark respiration rate (Rd) and LCP resulting in the minimum relative errors between the measured and fitted values. Light response parameters of N. nucifera declined with the decreasing light. There were no significant differences between full light and shade treatments except for Rd. It was indicated that N. nucifera had good photosynthetic adaptive response and adjustment to weak light to maintain normal growth.

Therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on aged patients with mild to moderate hypertension / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on aged patients with mild to moderate hyperten-sion.Methods:A total of 427 aged patients with mild to moderate hypertension treated in our hospital from Jul 2011 to Jul 2013 were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=210)and atorvastatin group (n=217,received atorvastatin additionally based on routine treatment)according to number table.All patients were treated with a continuous 24 months.Therapeutic effect of controlling blood pressure,changes of blood pressure level and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP)level and occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment were compared be-tween two groups.Results:Compared with routine treatment group,there was significant rise in total effective rate of long-term (24 months)controlling blood pressure (76.8% vs.85.9%),and significant reductions in blood pres-sure [(145.3±10.1/88.6±6.7)mmHg vs.(136.9±6.8/83.0±5.2)mmHg]and hsCRP [(2.02±0.29)mg/L vs. (1.60±0.18)mg/L]level in atorvastatin group,P0.05).Conclusion:Atorvastatin combined antihypertensive drugs can well control blood pressure and reduce inflammatory reactions,which is suitable for long term use in aged patients with hypertension.